A study regarding the anterior cruciate ligament remnant: Differences in balance and postural control between remnant-preserving and remnant-non-preserving patients

Introduction: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the most frequently injured ligament of the knee. However, quantitative studies on evaluate the postural control influence resulted from the ACL remnant preservation or not are scarce. The aim of this study is to evaluate the postural control of patients submitted to ACL reconstruction with and without preservation of the injured remnant in pre and postoperative periods.MethodsEighteen patients underwent ACL reconstruction and separated into 2 groups according to the preservation or not of the remnant: (I) submitted to ACL reconstruction with preservation of the remnant (10 patients); (II) submitted to ACL reconstruction without preservation of the remnant (8 patients). They were assessed using the Lysholm score and force plate, which evaluated the patient's postural stability for remnant and non-remnant preservation in ACL reconstruction surgery.ResultsGroup I showed statistically significant subjective and objective improvements, both at 3 and 6 months. Additionally, improvement of the Lysholm test at 6 months in Group II was also statistically significant. Furthermore, the results of the Friedman test for the VCOP and VY variables of Group I, with support of the injured side in the force plate, showed a statistically significant difference both for pre and postoperative period at 3 months, compared to the 6-month postoperative period. The variables EAC and VX were statistically different for Group II, considering the preoperative period, 3 and 6 months postoperatively.ConclusionPreserving the ACL remnant in patients with ACL injuries has a positive impact on postural stability during recovery.(AU)

Introducción: El ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) es el ligamento de la rodilla que se lesiona con mayor frecuencia. Sin embargo, escasean los estudios cuantitativos sobre la evaluación de la influencia del control postural derivada de la preservación, o no, del remanente del LCA. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar el control postural de los pacientes sometidos a la reconstrucción del LCA, con y sin preservación del remanente lesionado, en los periodos previo y posterior a la cirugía.MétodosDieciocho pacientes sometidos a reconstrucción del LCA separados en 2 grupos, de acuerdo con la preservación o no preservación del remanente: I) sometidos a reconstrucción del LCA con preservación del remanente (10 pacientes), y II) sometidos a reconstrucción del LCA sin preservación del remanente (8 pacientes). Los pacientes fueron evaluados utilizando la puntuación de Lysholm y una placa de aplicación de fuerza, que evaluó la estabilidad postural del paciente para la preservación y no preservación del remanente en la cirugía de reconstrucción del LCA.ResultadosEl grupo I mostró mejoras subjetivas y objetivas estadísticamente significativas, transcurridos 3 y 6 meses. Además, la mejora de la prueba de Lysholm transcurridos 6 meses en el grupo II fue también estadísticamente significativa. Asimismo, los resultados de la prueba de Friedman para las variables VCOP y VY en el grupo I, con apoyo del lado lesionado en la placa de aplicación de fuerza, reflejaron una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en ambos períodos pre y postoperatorio transcurridos 3 meses, en comparación con el período postoperatorio transcurridos 6 meses. Las variables EAC y VX fueron estadísticamente diferentes para el grupo II, considerando el periodo preoperatorio, y los 3 y 6 meses postoperatorios.ConclusiónPreservar el remanente del LCA en los pacientes con lesiones en dicho ligamento tiene un impacto positivo en la estabilidad postural durante la recuperación.(AU)

Authenticity Scale: Validity and Reliability Evidence in a Sample from Brazil and Portugal / Escala de autenticidad: evidencia de validez y confiabilidad en una muestra de Brasil y Portugal

Este estudio presenta distintos tipos de evidencias de validez y confiabilidad de la Escala de Autenticidad (AS) en una muestra de Brasil y Portugal. El estudioconsiste en una encuesta con 1.077 brasileños y 622 portugueses. Se testó el modelo con tres factores correlacionados (autoalienación, vivir auténtico y aceptación de la influencia externa), el modelo unidimensional y el modelo bifactorial. Se retuvo el modelo con tres factores correlacionados, con las tres subescalas alcanzando confiabilidad moderada a buena. Análisis factorial confirmatorio multigrupo sugirió invariancia escalar para cultura, género, edad, educación, ocupación y preocupación e impacto relacionados con Covid. Los ítems fueron evaluados por graded response model(GRM), sugiriendo que las tres subescalas no discriminan las personas con altos rasgos de autenticidad. GRM y estadísticas descriptivas indican que la escala de puntuación es inapropiada, particularmente para la subescala vivir auténtico, que es afectada por efecto techo. Las asociaciones con presencia de sentido mostraron evidencia adicional de validez. A pesar de las limitaciones, la AS es una medida adecuada para evaluar la autenticidad en diferentes grupos. Se discuten posibles modificaciones para el aprimoramiento de la AS.(AU)

This study introduces distinct types of validity and reliability evidence of the Authenticity Scale (AS) in a sample from Brazil and Portugal. It consists of an online survey with 1,077 Brazilian citizens and 622 Portuguese citizens. The study tested the model with three correlated factors (self-alienation, authentic living, and accepting external influence), the unidimensional model, and the bifactor model. The model with three correlated factors was retained, with the three subscales demonstrating moderate to good reliability. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis suggested scalar invariance across culture, gender, age, education, occupation, and Covid-related concern and impact. The items were assessed by graded response model (GRM), which suggested that the three subscales are not able to distinguish respondents with high authenticity traits. GRM and descriptive statistics indicated that the rating-scale is inappropriate, particularly for authentic living subscale, which is affected by ceiling effect. Associations with presence of meaning showed additional validity evidence. Despite the limitations, the AS is an effective measure to assess authenticity across different groups. Potential modifications for the improvement of the AS are discussed.(AU)

A study regarding the anterior cruciate ligament remnant: Differences in balance and postural control between remnant-preserving and remnant-non-preserving patients.

INTRODUCTION: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the most frequently injured ligament of the knee. However, quantitative studies on evaluate the postural control influence resulted from the ACL remnant preservation or not are scarce. The aim of this study is to evaluate the postural control of patients submitted to ACL reconstruction with and without preservation of the injured remnant in pre and postoperative periods. METHODS: Eighteen patients underwent ACL reconstruction and separated into 2 groups according to the preservation or not of the remnant: (I) submitted to ACL reconstruction with preservation of the remnant (10 patients); (II) submitted to ACL reconstruction without preservation of the remnant (8 patients). They were assessed using the Lysholm score and force plate, which evaluated the patient's postural stability for remnant and non-remnant preservation in ACL reconstruction surgery. RESULTS: Group I showed statistically significant subjective and objective improvements, both at 3 and 6 months. Additionally, improvement of the Lysholm test at 6 months in Group II was also statistically significant. Furthermore, the results of the Friedman test for the VCOP and VY variables of Group I, with support of the injured side in the force plate, showed a statistically significant difference both for pre and postoperative period at 3 months, compared to the 6-month postoperative period. The variables EAC and VX were statistically different for Group II, considering the preoperative period, 3 and 6 months postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Preserving the ACL remnant in patients with ACL injuries has a positive impact on postural stability during recovery.

Phenotypic plasticity in adults of Anticarsia gemmatalis exposed to sub-doses of Bt-based bioinsecticide

Abstract Anticarsia gemmatalis Hünber, 1818 is one of the main defoliating species in the soybean crop. Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, 1915, is a bacterium used in the biological control of this pest species. Resistant populations and their sublethal effects caused by the use of the bacteria have already been reported; however, there are no studies on phenotypic plasticity in adulthood exposed to Bt-based bioinsecticide sub-doses. This study aimed to evaluate the morphometry of A. gemmatalis adults under laboratory conditions submitted to the Bt-based bioinsecticide Dipel® over the three generations. The body segments mensuread were width, length, and area of the anterior and posterior wings, the weight of the integument, chest, abdomen, wings, and the whole adult of males and females. Among the treatments, LC5 in the first generation and LC10 in the second generation were those with lower thresholds in relation to the weight of the chest and abdomen, considering the proportions of the body smaller than the females. The females weight adulthood was reduced by 10% about males, and, only in the first generation. Males have larger body size and more pronounced phenotypic plasticity than females. Here, we demonstrate the first study assessing the phenotypic plasticity of A. gemmatalis adults.

Resumo Anticarsia gemmatalis Hünber, 1818 é uma das principais espécies desfolhadoras da cultura da soja. Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, 1915, é uma bactéria utilizada no controle biológico dessa espécie de praga. Populações resistentes e seus efeitos subletais causados pelo uso da bactéria já foram relatados, no entanto, não há estudos sobre a plasticidade fenotípica na idade adulta exposta a subdoses de bioinseticida à base de Bt. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a morfometria de adultos de A. gemmatalis em condições de laboratório submetidos ao bioinseticida Dipel® ao longo de três gerações. Os segmentos corporais mensuráveis eram largura, comprimento e área das asas anterior e posterior, o peso do tegumento, tórax, abdômen, asas e todo o adulto de machos e fêmeas. Dentre os tratamentos, CL5 na primeira geração e CL10 na segunda geração foram aqueles com limiares mais baixos em relação ao peso do tórax e abdômen, considerando as proporções do corpo menores que as do sexo feminino. O peso da fêmea na idade adulta foi reduzido em 10% em relação aos machos e, apenas na primeira geração. Os machos têm tamanho corporal maior e plasticidade fenotípica mais pronunciada do que as fêmeas. Este estudo demonstra o primeiro estudo avaliando a plasticidade fenotípica de adultos de A. gemmatalis.

Phenotypic plasticity in adults of Anticarsia gemmatalis exposed to sub-doses of Bt-based bioinsecticide / Plasticidade fenotípica morfométrica em adultos de Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, 1818 expostos a subdoses de Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, 1911

Anticarsia gemmatalis Hünber, 1818 is one of the main defoliating species in the soybean crop. Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, 1915, is a bacterium used in the biological control of this pest species. Resistant populations and their sublethal effects caused by the use of the bacteria have already been reported; however, there are no studies on phenotypic plasticity in adulthood exposed to Bt-based bioinsecticide sub-doses. This study aimed to evaluate the morphometry of A. gemmatalis adults under laboratory conditions submitted to the Bt-based bioinsecticide Dipel® over the three generations. The body segments mensuread were width, length, and area of the anterior and posterior wings, the weight of the integument, chest, abdomen, wings, and the whole adult of males and females. Among the treatments, LC5 in the first generation and LC10 in the second generation were those with lower thresholds in relation to the weight of the chest and abdomen, considering the proportions of the body smaller than the females. The female's weight adulthood was reduced by 10% about males, and, only in the first generation. Males have larger body size and more pronounced phenotypic plasticity than females. Here, we demonstrate the first study assessing the phenotypic plasticity of A. gemmatalis adults.

Anticarsia gemmatalis Hünber, 1818 é uma das principais espécies desfolhadoras da cultura da soja. Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, 1915, é uma bactéria utilizada no controle biológico dessa espécie de praga. Populações resistentes e seus efeitos subletais causados pelo uso da bactéria já foram relatados, no entanto, não há estudos sobre a plasticidade fenotípica na idade adulta exposta a subdoses de bioinseticida à base de Bt. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a morfometria de adultos de A. gemmatalis em condições de laboratório submetidos ao bioinseticida Dipel® ao longo de três gerações. Os segmentos corporais mensuráveis eram largura, comprimento e área das asas anterior e posterior, o peso do tegumento, tórax, abdômen, asas e todo o adulto de machos e fêmeas. Dentre os tratamentos, CL5 na primeira geração e CL10 na segunda geração foram aqueles com limiares mais baixos em relação ao peso do tórax e abdômen, considerando as proporções do corpo menores que as do sexo feminino. O peso da fêmea na idade adulta foi reduzido em 10% em relação aos machos e, apenas na primeira geração. Os machos têm tamanho corporal maior e plasticidade fenotípica mais pronunciada do que as fêmeas. Este estudo demonstra o primeiro estudo avaliando a plasticidade fenotípica de adultos de A. gemmatalis.

O que é autoestima para os analistas do comportamento? Uma revisão sistemática / What is self-esteem for behavioral analysts? A systematic review

A autoestima é um termo muito utilizado pelas pessoas no senso comum, mas ainda são necessários mais estudos para entendê-lo sob o ponto de vista comportamental. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão de textos da Análise do Comportamento a respeito de autoestima. Foi realizada uma busca em três fontes diferentes: periódicos exclusivos de Análise do Comportamento; as coleções de livros Sobre Comportamento e Cognição e Comportamento em Foco; e na Scielo. No total, 16 textos preencheram os critérios, que eram a) ter a palavra "autoestima" no título b) ser um texto da Análise do Comportamento. Foram discutidas as definições de autoestima utilizadas, os participantes dos estudos, os estímulos usados em testes de medida implícita e os principais resultados. Nenhum dos textos analisados utilizou intervenções voltadas ao aumento da autoestima. Apesar de serem textos da abordagem comportamental, muitos dos estudos utilizam apenas definições e instrumentos não comportamentais. As principais conclusões da revisão foram: 1) ainda existem poucos estudos sobre autoestima na Análise do Comportamento; 2) ainda não existe uma definição comportamental bem construída, especialmente na literatura internacional.

Self-esteem is a term that is widely used in common sense, but more studies are still needed to understand it from a behavioral point of view. The objective of this study was to carry out a review of Behavior Analysis papers regarding self-esteem. A search was conducted in three different sources: Behavior Analysis journals; the book collections Sobre Comportamento e Cognição and Comportamento em Foco; and on Scielo. In total, 16 texts met the criteria, which were a) having the word "self-esteem" in the title and b) being a Behavior Analysis text. We discuss the definitions of self-esteem used, the participants in the studies, the stimuli used in the implicit measurement tests and the main results. None of the analyzed texts used interventions aimed to increase self-esteem. Even though they are texts of the behavioral approach, many of the studies only use non-behavioral definitions and instruments. The main conclusions of the review were: 1) there are still few studies on self-esteem in Behavior Analysis; 2) there is still no well-constructed behavioral definition, especially in international literature.

Uso de inhaladores para la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica en un grupo de pacientes colombianos

Introducción: En Colombia son escasos los datos sobre el uso de los inhaladores en pacientes con EPOC. Objetivo: Describir la técnica de uso de inhaladores de dosis medida y polvo seco en pacientes de un hospital colombiano. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo en pacientes mayores de 40 años con EPOC atendidos en un hospital en La Virginia, Risaralda, Colombia, entre el 1 de septiembre de 2019 al 31 de enero de 2020. La unidad de análisis fueron los pacientes. Se incluyeron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y lista de chequeo para uso de inhaladores. Se aplicaron frecuencias y proporciones para variables discretas, estadísticas de tendencia central y dispersión para variables continuas. Resultados: Se incluyeron 104 pacientes con edad media de 73,6 ± 10,1 años; 57 eran mujeres (54,8 %). Además, 48 pacientes estaban clasificados como GOLD-D (46,2 %). Igualmente, 89 pacientes manifestaron haber recibido educación sobre el uso de broncodilatadores (85,6 %). Los más frecuentes fueron los inhaladores de dosis medida (DM) en 95 casos (91,3 %), seguido de los de polvo seco unidosis (7,7 %). Así mismo, 37 pacientes que usaron DM sin inhalocámara (35,6 %) no cumplieron los pasos de la lista de chequeo. En el sistema multidosis, el más realizado fue cerrar de manera adecuada el inhalador y el menos ejecutado, expulsar el aire lentamente evitando hacerlo cerca del inhalador (n = 6; 5,7 %). Discusión: Se lograron describir las características de la técnica de uso de los inhaladores en pacientes con EPOC. A pesar de que ningún paciente logró utilizar el inhalador de forma "perfecta", la mayoría han recibido educación por parte de los profesionales de la salud. Conclusión: Un alto porcentaje de pacientes usa inadecuadamente los dispositivos para suministrar los broncodilatadores. Esto puede impactar negativamente en el control de la enfermedad.

Introduction: In Colombia, there is limited data on the use of inhalers in patients with COPD. Objective: The objective was to describe the technique of using metered-dose inhalers and dry powder in patients in a Colombian hospital. Methods: Observational, descriptive study of patients over 40 years of age with COPD, treated in a hospital in La Virginia, Risaralda, Colombia, between September 1st, 2019 and January 31st, 2020. The unit of analysis were patients in consultation. Sociodemographic and clinical variables, and a checklist for use of inhalers were included. Frequencies and proportions were applied for discrete variables, statistics of central tendency and dispersion for continuous variables. Results: A total of 104 patients with an average age of 73.6 ± 10.1 years were included; 57 were women (54.8%). In addition, 48 patients were classified as GOLD-D (46.2%). Similarly, 89 patients reported having received education on the use of bronchodilators (85.6%). The most common were metered-dose (MD) inhalers in 95 cases (91.3%), followed by single-dose dry powder inhalers in eight patients (7.7%). Likewise, 37 patients who used DM without inhalochamber (35.6%) did not comply with the steps of the checklist. In the multidose system, the most performed was to properly close the inhaler and the least performed was to expel the air slowly, avoiding doing so near the inhaler (n=6; 5.7%). Discussion: The characteristics of the technique of using inhalers in patients with COPD were described. Although no patient was able to use the inhaler "perfectly", most have received education from health professionals. Conclusion: A high percentage of patients misuse the devices to deliver bronchodilators. This can negatively impact the control of the disease.

Incidence and impacts of pain in intensive care units: systematic review / Incidência e impactos da dor em unidades de terapia intensiva: revisão sistemática

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In Intensive Care Units (ICU), patients are exposed to multiple procedures that can be painful, and health professionals are not always aware of the pain in these patients. Inadequate pain assessment and management, in turn, has been associated with several adverse outcomes, including an increased rate of infection, prolonged mechanical ventilation, hemodynamic disturbances, delirium, and compromised immunity. Thus, this study aimed to summarize the scientific evidence about the incidence and impacts of pain in critically ill patients. CONTENTS: A systematic review of observational studies (Pubmed and EMBASE databases) was performed with predetermined eligibility criteria. In the 32 studies included, it was identified that 10.1% to 61% of patients had pain at rest and 27.4% to 94% during procedures. In addition, there was evidence of improvement in patient outcomes after using validated instruments for pain measurement, including decreased length of ICU stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, mortality, delirium, adverse events, and disease severity. CONCLUSION: Through the present study, it was observed that pain is a common phenomenon in ICU and that its identification and management constitute a realistic goal and depend on the evaluation. Furthermore, pain appears to be associated with worse clinical outcomes. Therefore, efforts must be made to provide comprehensive care for critically ill patients, aiming not only at their survival, but also at alleviating their suffering.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Nas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) os pacientes são expostos a múltiplos procedimentos que podem ser dolorosos, e nem sempre os profissionais de saúde estão alertas para a dor nesses pacientes. A avaliação e o manejo inadequado da dor, por sua vez, têm sido associados a uma série de resultados adversos, incluindo aumento da taxa de infecção, ventilação mecânica prolongada, distúrbios hemodinâmicos, delírio e imunidade comprometida. Dessa forma, este estudo teve como objetivo sumarizar as evidências científicas acerca da incidência e dos impactos da dor em pacientes críticos. CONTEÚDO: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de estudos observacionais (bases de dados Pubmed e EMBASE) com critérios de elegibilidade predeterminados. Nos 32 estudos incluídos, foi identificado que de 10,1% a 61% dos pacientes apresentaram dor em repouso, e de 27,4% a 94% apresentaram dor durante os procedimentos. Além disso, houve evidências de melhora nos resultados dos pacientes após o uso de instrumentos validados para a mensuração da dor, incluindo diminuição do tempo de permanência na UTI, duração da ventilação mecânica, mortalidade, delírio, eventos adversos e gravidade da doença. CONCLUSÃO: Através do presente estudo foi observado que a dor representa um fenômeno comum nas UTI e que a sua identificação e manejo constitui uma meta realista e dependente da avaliação. Além disso, a dor parece estar associada a piores desfechos clínicos. Sendo assim, deve-se voltar esforços para o cuidado integral ao paciente crítico, objetivando não só sua sobrevivência, mas também o alívio do seu sofrimento.

Psychometric properties and measurement invariance of a European Portuguese version of the fear of COVID-19 scale / Propiedades psicométricas e invariancia de medida de una versión en portugués europeo de la escala de miedo de la COVID-19

El miedo generalizado de la COVID-19 parece haber exacerbado el impacto negativo de la pandemia. Por eso, es relevante monitorear el miedo de la COVID-19 y su asociación con la salud mental, el bienestar y los comportamientos de las personas, siendo necesarias medidas válidas y fiables de miedo de la COVID-19. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de una versión en portugués europeo de la escala Fear of COVID-19 (FCV-19S-P). Un objetivo secundario fue evaluar la invariancia de medición transversal multigrupo de FCV-19S-P (mujeres vs. hombres). Una muestra de 572 adultos portugueses (72 % mujeres) completaron el FCV-19S-P y medidas de depresión, ansiedad y estrés. Los resultados del estudio respaldaron la validez de esta versión y fiabilidad (alfa de Cronbach = .84; confiabilidad compuesta = .83) y una estructura factorial similar a de la versión original. El miedo de la COVID-19 se asoció positivamente (.23 < r < .31) con depresión, ansiedad y estrés. Los resultados del análisis transversal de invariancia multigrupo respaldaron la invariancia escalar total de la FCV-19S-P y su invariancia residual parcial, lo que sugiere que esta medida puede usarse para llegar a conclusiones válidas con respecto a las comparaciones de género en muestras de adultos portugueses.(AU)

The novelty and uncertainty of the pandemic nourished a gener-alized fear of the COVID-19, which seems to have exacerbated the pan-demic’s negative impact. It is thus relevant to monitor fear of COVID-19 and its association with individuals’ mental health, well-being, and behav-iors. Valid and reliable measures of fear of COVID-19 are necessary for that purpose. This study aimed at assessing the psychometric properties of a European Portuguese version of the Fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S-P). A secondary aim was to assess FCV-19S-P’s multigroup measurement invariance (female vs.male). A sample of 572 Portuguese adults (72 % fe-male) completed the FCV-19S-P and measures of depression, anxiety, and stress. The study results supported this version validityand reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = .84; Composite Reliability = .83), and a factorial struc-ture similar to the original version. Fear of COVID-19 was positively asso-ciated (.23 < r < .31) with depression, anxiety, and stress. Results of the multigroup invariance analysis supported the FCV-19S-P total scalar invar-iance and its partial residual invariance, suggesting that this measure may be used to reach valid conclusions in respect to gender comparisons in samples of Portuguese adults in regard to group observed composite means.(AU)

Evaluación e impacto de la educación de la técnica inhalatoria en pacientes adultos que usan inhalador de dosis medida / Evaluation and Impact of Education on the Inhalation Technique in Adults who Use a Metered Dose Inhaler

Introducción: los inhaladores de dosis medida (MDI) ocupan un lugar fundamental en el tratamiento de las enfermedades obstructivas. Sin embargo, existe evidencia de su in-correcta utilización y, por consiguiente, limitados beneficios. El objetivo de este traba-jo es evaluar el uso de los MDI y conocer el impacto que tiene la educación en la técnica inhalatoria. Método: estudio prospectivo, antes-después realizado en pacientes hos-pitalizados y ambulatorios. Se registraron datos demográficos y sobre el uso del MDI. Posteriormente, se pidió al paciente que realizara dos inhalaciones con su MDI y aero-cámara, se otorgó un puntaje según la escala ESTI y se educó en forma oral, visual y con folleto explicativo. Los pacientes fueron reevaluados antes de cumplir un mes de la primera evaluación. Resultados: se incluyeron 119 pacientes, 53,8% masculinos, con edad media de 60,6 (± 16) años. El 60,5% utilizaba aerocámara siempre y el 19,3% casi siempre. El 65% tenía la percepción de que su técnica inhalatoria era buena o muy bue-na. El 32% no sabía identificar su inhalador de rescate. El puntaje en la escala ESTI ba-sal fue de 6,8 (± 2,3) ptos. el que mejoró en la reevaluación, 8,7 (± 1,5) ptos.; p<0,0001. La técnica inhalatoria calificada de muy buena o buena mejoró de un 24,4% a un 63%; p<0.0001. Conclusión: nuestros resultados muestran que la técnica de inhalación con MDI es deficiente y una educación activa evidencia un impacto significativo en el co-rrecto uso de estos dispositivos. (AU)

Introduction: metered dose inhalers (MDI) are fundamental in treating obstructive dis-eases. However, there is evidence of its incorrect use and therefore limited benefits. This work aims to evaluate the use of MDIs and to know the impact of education on the cor-rect inhalation technique. Method: prospective, before-after study, carried out in hospitalized and outpatients. Demographic data and data on the use of the MDI are re-corded. Subsequently, the patient was asked to take 2 inhalations with his MDI and valved-holding chamber, a score was given according to the ESTI score and he was ed-ucated orally, visually, and with an explanatory brochure. The patients were reassessed within 1 month of the first evaluation. Results: 119 patients were included, 53.8% male, with a mean age of 60.6 (±16) years. 60.5% always used an aero chamber and 19.3% almost always. 65% had the perception that their inhalation technique was good or very good. 32% did not know how to identify their rescue inhaler. The score on the base-line ESTI scale was 6.8 (± 2.3) points, which improved in the reassessment, 8.7 (± 1.5) points; p<0.0001. The inhalation technique rated as very good or good improved from 24.4% to 63%; p<0.0001. Conclusion: our results show that the inhalation technique with MDI is deficient and active education demonstrates a significant impact on the cor-rect use of these devices. (AU)

Cross-cultural validity and psychometric properties of the International Trauma Questionnaire in a clinical refugee sample.

Background: The ICD-11 post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD diagnoses have been examined in several studies using the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ). The cross-cultural validity of the ITQ has not previously been studied using item responses theory methods focused on the issue of equal item functioning and thus comparability of scores across language groups.Objective: To investigate the cross-cultural validity of the ITQ scales considering specifically local independence of items and differential item functioning (DIF) in a cross-cultural sample of refugees.Method: Data from 490 treatment-seeking refugees were included, covering Danish, Arabic, and Bosnian languages and different levels of interpreter-assisted administration. Rasch and graphical log-linear Rasch models were used.Results: There was strong local dependence among items from the same symptom clusters in the PTSD and disorders in self-organization (DSO) scales, except between affective dysregulation items. Weak local dependence was discovered between an item from the affective dysregulation cluster and an item from the disturbed relationship cluster. There was no evidence of DIF related to language or interpreter assistance. There was evidence of DIF for two PTSD items relative to gender and time since the traumatic event. The targeting of the scales to the study population was not optimal. Reliability varied from 0.55 to 0.78 for subgroups.Conclusions: The PTSD and the DSO scales have stable psychometric properties across the Danish, Arabic, and Bosnian language versions and different levels of assisted administration. Scores are comparable across these groups. However, DIF relative to gender and time since trauma introduces considerable measurement bias. DIF-adjusted summed scale scores or estimated person parameters should be used to avoid measurement bias. Future research should investigate whether scales including more and/or alternative items that require higher levels of PTSD and DSO to be endorsed will improve targeting and measurement precision for refugee populations.

A first cross-cultural validity study of the ITQ using IRT.PTSD and DSO subscales functioned invariantly across Danish, Arabic, and Bosnian, and also across degrees of interpreter assistance. Two PTSD items did not function invariantly across gender and time since trauma.The Danish, Arabic, and Bosnian ITQ can be used for screening treatment-seeking refugees, taking into account the item bias in the PTSD subscale, and suboptimal targeting and reliability, which require extensions or modification of items.

Escala de Significados del Sentido del Humor / Sense of Humor Meanings Scale

Resumen El Sentido del Humor (SH) es considerado un fenómeno universal, pero al mismo tiempo culturalmente específico pues cada grupo posee particularidades que modulan la forma en la éste se percibe y conceptualiza. Aunque el trabajo empírico en torno al fenómeno es amplio, éste se ha centrado en la creación de escalas que miden estilos particulares de humor o ciertos dominios humorísticos, dejando de lado el interés por explorar lo más fundamental, es decir, las percepciones y significados generales del humor. Dado lo anterior, el presente trabajo tuvo por objetivos: 1) explorar el significado atribuido al SH por hombres y mujeres, 2) desarrollar un instrumento válido y confiable para adultos mexicanos, 3) examinar la invarianza de la medición de dicho instrumento en función del sexo de los participantes e 4) identificar posibles diferencias entre hombres y mujeres al respecto de los factores de la medida validada. Los resultados mostraron la obtención de tres categorías que son congruentes con los factores obtenidos en la escala diseñada. En cuanto a sus características resultó una escala válida y confiable, que mostró equivalencia entre los sexos.

Abstract The Sense of Humor (SH) is considered a universal phenomenon, but at the same time culturally specific, since each group has particularities that modulate the way in which it is perceived and conceptualized. Although the empirical work around the phenomenon is extensive, it has focused on the creation of scales that measure styles of humor or certain humorous domains, leaving aside the interest in exploring what is most fundamental, that is, the general perceptions and meanings of humor. humor. Given the above, the present work had the objectives: 1) to explore the meaning attributed to SH by men and women, 2) to develop a valid and reliable instrument for Mexican adults, 3) to examine the invariance of the measurement of said instrument based on the gender and 4) identify possible differences between genders regarding the factors of the validated measure. The results showed the obtaining of three categories that are consistent with the factors obtained in the designed scale. Regarding its characteristics, it was a valid and reliable scale, which showed equivalence between genders.

Evaluation of the Danish version of the prenatal parental reflective functioning questionnaire in early pregnancy as a screening tool.

Parental reflective functioning (PRF) is the capacity to focus on feelings and experiences in oneself as a parent and in the child. Research has demonstrated that, the better the PRF the better outcomes for the child. This paper evaluated the Danish version of the prenatal parental reflective functioning questionnaire (P-PRFQ). We used data from a cluster-randomized trial of pregnant women recruited from Danish general practice. The sample included 605 mothers. Factor structure and internal consistency were investigated. Linear regression analysis was used to examine the associations between the P-PRFQ score and the five most predictive variables. The confirmatory factor analyses supported the three-factor model. The P-PRFQ had moderate internal consistency. The regression analysis showed a decrease in the P-PRFQ score with increasing age, increasing parity, current employment, better self-reported health, lower anxiety score, and fewer negative life events with persistent impact. The directions of the associations between P-PRFQ score and the predictive variables were opposite of what was hypothesized raising questions about whether the P-PRFQ can be used as an early pregnancy screening tool assessing prenatal PRF. Further validation studies are required to assess the extent to which the P-PRFQ truly measures reflective functioning.

El funcionamiento con reflexión de los padres es la capacidad de enfocarse en sentimientos y experiencias en uno mismo como progenitor y en el niño. La investigación ha demostrado que mientras mejor es el funcionamiento con reflexión, mejores son los resultados para el niño. Este ensayo evalúa la versión danesa del cuestionario prenatal del funcionamiento con reflexión de los progenitores (P-PRFQ). Usamos datos de un ensayo con un grupo al azar de mujeres embarazadas reclutadas de la práctica general danesa. El grupo muestra estaba compuesto de 605 madres. Se investigaron la estructura de factores y la consistencia interna. Se usaron análisis de regresión lineal para examinar la asociación entre los puntajes del P-PRFQ y las cinco variables más predictivas. Los análisis de factores confirmatorios apoyaron el modelo de tres factores. El P-PRFQ presentó una consistencia interna moderada. Los análisis de regresión mostraron una baja en los puntajes del P-PRFQ con el aumento de la edad, el aumento de la paridad, el empleo actual, una mejor auto reportada salud, más bajo puntaje de ansiedad y menos eventos negativos en la vida con impacto persistente. Las direcciones de las asociaciones entre el puntaje del P-PRFQ y las variables predictivas resultaros lo opuesto de la hipótesis propuesta, lo cual genera preguntas sobre si se puede usar el P-PRFQ como una herramienta de examen temprano del embarazo para evaluar el funcionamiento con reflexión prenatal de los progenitores. Se requieren estudios posteriores de validación para evaluar hasta qué punto el P-PRFQ mide verdaderamente el funcionamiento con reflexión.

La fonction réflexive parentale est la capacité à se focaliser sur ses propres sentiments et ses expériences en tant que parent et chez l'enfant. Les recherches ont démontré que mieux fonctionne la fonction réflexive parentale, mieux s'avère le résultat pour l'enfant. Cet article a évalué la version danoise du questionnaire de la fonction réflexive parentale prénatale (P-PRFQ). Nous avons utilisé des données d'un essai randomisé par grappes de femmes enceintes recrutées dans un service de médecine générale au Danemark. L'échantillon a inclus 605 mères. La structure de facteur et la cohérence interne ont fait l'objet des recherches. Une analyse par régression linéaire a été utilisée afin d'examiner les liens entre le score P-PRFQ et les cinq variables les plus prédictives. Les analyses factorielles confirmatoires ont soutenu le modèle à trois facteurs. Le P-PRFQ a eu une cohérence internet. L'analyse par régression a montré une baisse dans le score P-PRFQ avec un âge plus avancé, une parité augmentée, un emploi courant, une meilleure santé auto-rapportée, un score d'anxiété plus bas et moins d'événements négatifs de la vie ayant un impact persistent. Les directions des liens entre le score P-PRFQ et les variables prédictives étaient à l'opposé de l'hypothèse, soulevant des questions sur si le P-PRFQ peut être utilisé en tant qu'outil de dépistage au début de la grossesse pour évaluer la fonction réflexive parentale prénatale. Des études de validation supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour évaluer dans quelle mesure le P-PRFQ mesure vraiment la fonction réflexive.

Well-being at work scale (WBWS): Gathering empirical evidence from different interpretation strategies / Escala de bienestar en el trabajo (EBET): compilación de evidencia empírica de diferentes estrategias de interpretación

Well-being at work scale (WBWS) is a measure widely used in Brazil, composed of three dimen-sions (positive affects, negative affects and expressiveness/fulfillment) aligned with the field’s recent movement of junction of the two classical theoretical bases(hedonic and eudaimonic) that explain this phenomenon. Based on a cross-sectional survey involving 360 Brazilian work-ers, this study aimed to compare different models of interpreting the WBWS (including three one-dimensional proposals -composed by a single factor or second-order factor for WBW as-sessment -and one multidimensional proposal -composed by the three WBW factors singly). Each model was tested through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyzes, and then correla-tion analyzes between the models were run to allow their comparison. We concluded that the interpretation of WBWS from a single indicator is viable and more theoretically appropriate when it is intended to have a more integrated view about well-being at work. (AU)

La Escala de Bienestar en el Trabajo (EBET) es una medida ampliamente utilizada en Brasil, compuesta por tres dimensiones (afecto positivo, afecto negativo y expresividad/realización) alineadas con el movimiento reciente del campo de unión de las dos bases teóricas clásicas (hedónica y eudaimónica) que explican este fenómeno. Basado en una encuesta transversal que involucró a 360 trabajadores brasileños, este estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar diferentes modelos de interpretación de la EBET (incluidas tres propuestas unidimensionales, compuestas por un factor único o factor de segundo orden para la evaluación del BET; y una propuesta multidimensional compuesta por los tres factores BET individualmente). Cada modelo se probó a través de análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios, y luego se realizaron análisis de correlación entre los modelos para permitir su comparación. Concluimos que la interpretación de la EBET a partir de un solo indicador es viable y teóricamente más adecuada cuando se pre-tende tener una visión más integrada sobre el bienestar en el trabajo. (AU)

Herramientas de medición de la patología ungueal: revisión literaria / Measuring tools for nail pathology: literature review

El sistema ungueal conforma una compleja unidad anatómica fundamental en el ser humano, susceptible de sufrir numerosas alteraciones debido a procesos patológicos, tanto sistémicos como locales. El estudio de la patología ungueal es un tema de especial interés, sin embargo, en el ámbito clínico todavía resulta complicado analizar parámetros como área concreta de extensión, anatomía comprometida o porcentaje de afectación, dificultando poder realizar una valoración objetiva y establecer pautas efectivas de tratamiento, debiendo recurrir, en numerosas ocasiones, al examen histopatológico. En este sentido, los índices de medición se posicionan como una herramienta que permitiría valorar estos factores de forma numérica, reproducible y simple. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar las herramientas de medición de las diferentes patologías ungueales descritas en la literatura. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura por pares en cuatro bases de datos atendiendo a criterios del Critical Appraisal Skills Programme España (CASPe). Los hallazgos describieron la existencia de 12 herramientas de medición de patología ungueal. Las conclusiones señalaron, finalmente, el Nail Psoriasis Severity Index o índice NAPSI como método más utilizado para valorar la severidad de la psoriasis ungueal, pese a los reportes obtenidos en sus modificaciones posteriores. En cuanto a la onicomicosis, el Scoring Clinical Index for Onychomycosis o índice SCIO resultó ser el método objetivo más útil en la práctica clínica. Para la paroniquia crónica, el Índice de paroniquia crónica se distinguió como una buena alternativa a las opciones de valoración previas (AU)

The nail system forms a complex anatomical unit fundamental in humans, susceptible to numerous alterations due to both systemic and local pathological processes. The study of nail pathology is a subject of special interest, however, in the clinical setting, it is still difficult to analyse parameters such as specific area of extension, anatomy involved or percentage of involvement, making it difficult to carry out an objective assessment and establish effective treatment guidelines, having to resort, on numerous occasions, to histopathological examination. In this sense, measurement indices are positioned as a measurement tool that would allow these factors to be assessed in a numerical, reproducible and simple way. The aim of this study was to identify measurement tools for the different nail pathologies described in the literature. A peer-review of the literature was conducted in four databases according to Critical Appraisal Skills Programme España (CASPe) criteria. The findings described the existence of 12 nail pathology measurement tools. Conclusions finally pointed out the Nail Psoriasis Severity Index or NAPSI index as the most widely used method to asses the severity of nail psoriasis, despite reports of subsequent modifications. For onychomycosis, the Scoring Clinical Index for Onychomycosis or SCIO index appeared to be the most useful objective method in clinical practice. For chronic paronychia, the Chronic Paronychia Index standed out as a good alternative to previous assessment options (AU)

Cuestionario de Gratitud-20 (G-20): evidências psicométricas e parâmetros de seus itens no Brasil / Gratitude Questionnaire-20 (G-20): psychometric evidences and parameters of their items in Brazil / Cuestionario de Gratitud-20 (G-20): evidencias psicométricas y parámetros de sus ítems en Brasil

Objetivou-se explorar os parâmetros psicométricos do Cuestionario de Gratitud por meio da Teoria de Resposta ao Item (TRI), utilizando o Modelo de Resposta Graduada. Para tanto, participaram 533 respondentes (M idade = 29,9), a maioria mulheres (67,7%). Inicialmente, checou-se a dimensionalidade da escala, que apoiou uma estrutura quadrifatorial (CFI = 0,99; TLI = 0,99). Os parâmetros dos itens foram realizados separadamente para cada fator, e os resultados indicaram que todos os itens discriminam adequadamente os participantes. Os itens do fator Reconhecimento de Dons exigiram uma maior quantidade de theta para serem completamente endossados e o fator Gratidão Interpessoal demandou menor quantidade de theta para ser a opção de reposta, talvez por ser melhor aceito socialmente. Estima-se que os objetivos do estudo foram alcançados, conhecendo evidências psicométricas de uma medida que avalia a gratidão numa perspectiva mais integradora, recomendando-se o seu uso em possibilidades futuras. (AU)

The aim of this study was to explore the psychometric parameters of the Gratitude Questionnaire through the Item Response Theory (IRT), using the Graduated Response Model. Therefore, 533 respondents participated (Mage = 29.9), mostly women (67.7%). At the beginning, we checked the dimensionality of the scale, which supported a quadratic structure (CFI = 0.99; TLI = 0.99). The parameters of the items were performed separately for each factor, and the results indicated that all items adequately discriminate participants. The items of the Gift Recognition factor required a greater amount of theta to be fully endorsed and the Interpersonal Gratitude factor required less amount of theta to be the answer option, perhaps because it is better accepted socially. It is estimated that the objectives of the study were reached, knowing psychometric evidence of a measure that evaluates gratitude in a more inclusive perspective, recommending its use in future possibilities. (AU)

Se objetivó conocer los parámetros psicométricos del Cuestionario de Gratitud por medio de la Teoría de Respuesta al Item (TRI), utilizando el Modelo de Respuesta Graduada. Participaron 533 sujetos (M edad = 29,9), la mayoría mujeres (67,7%). Inicialmente, se verificó las dimensiones de la escala, que apoyó una estructura cuadrifatorial (CFI = 0,99; TLI = 0,99). Los parámetros de los ítems fueron realizados separadamente para cada factor, y los resultados indicaron que los ítems discriminan adecuadamente a los participantes. Los elementos del factor Reconocimiento de Dons requirieron una mayor cantidad de theta para ser completamente endosados y el factor Gratitud Interpersonal demandó menor cantidad de theta para ser la opción de respuesta, tal vez por ser mejor aceptado socialmente. Se estima que los objetivos del estudio se alcanzaron, conociendo evidencias psicométricas de una medida que evalúa la gratitud en una perspectiva más integradora, recomendándose su uso en posibilidades futuras. (AU)

"Quero enxergar um pouco mais": atividades e contexto de trabalho do agente socioeducador / "I want to see a little more": socio-educational agent activities and work context

As medidas socioeducativas visam a responsabilização de adolescentes quanto às consequências de atos infracionais cometidos, incluindo sua integração social e privação de liberdade ou restrição de direitos. Os agentes socioeducadores (AS) têm o papel educativo de desenvolver ações que contribuam para ressocialização e manutenção de direitos destes adolescentes e assegurar defesa e proteção social. Objetivou-se avaliar quais são as atividades de socioeducação e segurança desempenhadas por AS e que fatores do seu contexto laboral favorecem ou dificultam a realização do seu trabalho. Foi realizado estudo qualitativo, no qual foram entrevistados 13 AS, de uma instituição na Região Sul do Brasil. Os resultados indicaram que as atividades de socioeducação são feitas de modo mais informal e pontuais, conforme visão de mundo do AS, com foco nos vínculos interpessoais. As de segurança envolvem ações para garantir a salvaguarda das pessoas que circulavam na instituição: contenção física, evitação da violência e vigilância. Conclui-se que os AS necessitam de um programa de educação permanente que permita qualificar as atividades de socioeducação, e que no trabalho seja considerado maior protagonismo deles

The socio-educational measures aim to make teenagers responsible regarding the consequences to the infraction act committed, including their social integration and liberty deprivation or rights restriction. The socio-educational agents (SEA) have the educational role of developing actions that contribute to resocialization and teenagers' rights maintenance and to ensure defense and social protection. The objective was to assess which socio-educational and security activities are developed by SEA and what labor context factors support or hinder the work realization. A qualitative study was carried out, in which 13 SEA from an institution in the Southern region of Brazil were interviewed. The results indicate that socio-educational activities were developed in an nformal and one-off way, according to SEA point of view, focused on interpersonal bond. The security activities refer to actions to ensure the safeguard to people that move in the institution: physical restraint, avoidance of violence, and surveillance. In conclusion, the SEA need a permanent educational program that allow qualifying the socio-educational activities and, in work context, that their protagonist role is considered

Adolescência e ato infracional: por que os adolescentes se submetem à criminalidade? / Adolescence and infraction: why do adolescents submit to criminality? / Adolescence et infraction: pourquoi les adolescents se soumettent-ils à la criminalité ? / Adolescencia e infracción: ¿por qué los adolescentes se someten a la criminalidad?

Resumo Este estudo contribui com a tessitura de uma análise das relações sociais e das formas políticas à luz da psicanálise, e propõe reflexões sobre o desamparo e modalidades de subjetivação de adolescentes em risco de envolvimento com a criminalidade. O estudo foi desenvolvido a partir de escuta clínica de adolescentes em cumprimento de medida socioeducativa e teve como objetivo investigar a inserção no laço social pela via do ato infracional. Para isso, foram resgatadas expressões produzidas pelos adolescentes e analisadas a partir de três dimensões: desamparo, pacto com o grupo e violência. Concluiu-se que modalidades de sujeição e exclusão social, nos contextos culturais colonizados, produzem efeitos significativos na subjetividade dos adolescentes, sendo o ato infracional uma possível via de solução para o desamparo, uma inserção no laço social e uma modalidade de identificação.

Abstract This study contributes with weaving an analysis of the social relations and the political forms in the light of psychoanalysis and proposes reflections on the helplessness and subjectivity modalities of adolescents at risk of involvement with crime. The study was developed from the clinical listening of adolescents in a socio-educational measure and aimed to investigate the insertion in the social bond via the infraction. To that end, the expressions produced by the adolescents were recovered and analyzed from three dimensions: helplessness, pact with the group, and violence. In conclusion, the modalities of subjection and social exclusion, in the colonized cultural contexts, produce significant effects on the subjectivity of adolescents, with the crime being a possible solution to helplessness, as well as an insertion in the social bond, and an identification modality.

Résumé Cette étude contribue au tissage d'une analyse des relations sociales et des formes politiques à la lumière de la psychanalyse et propose des réflexions sur les modalités d'impuissance et de subjectivité des adolescents à risque d'implication dans la criminalité. L'étude a été développée à partir de l'écoute clinique d'adolescents dans le respect d'une mesure socio-éducative et visait à enquêter sur l'insertion dans le lien social à travers l'infraction. Pour cela, des expressions produites par les adolescents ont été récupérées et analysées à partir de trois dimensions : l'impuissance, le pacte avec le groupe et la violence. Il a été conclu que les modalités d'assujettissement et d'exclusion sociale, dans les contextes culturels colonisés, produisent des effets significatifs sur la subjectivité des adolescents, l'infraction étant un moyen de rechercher une solution à l'impuissance, ainsi qu'une insertion dans le lien social, et une modalité d'identification.

Resumen Este estudio contribuye con un análisis de las relaciones sociales y formas políticas a la luz del psicoanálisis, además de proponer reflexiones sobre el desamparo y las modalidades de subjetividad de los adolescentes en riesgo de involucrarse en la criminalidad. A partir de la escucha clínica de adolescentes en cumplimiento de una medida socioeducativa, este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la inserción en el vínculo social a través de la infracción. Así, se tomaron los relatos de los adolescentes, para analizarlos bajo tres dimensiones: desamparo, pacto con el grupo y violencia. Se concluyó que las modalidades de sometimiento y exclusión social, en los contextos culturales colonizados, producen efectos significativos sobre la subjetividad de los adolescentes, y es la infracción un medio de búsqueda de una posible solución al desamparo, una inserción en el vínculo social y una modalidad de identificación.

Jeitinho Brasileiro: desenvolvimento de uma medida ipsativa baseada em historietas / Brazilian jeitinho: developing an ipsative measure based on daily stories / Jeitinho brasileño: desarrollo de una evaluación ipsativa basada en historias diarias

Este estudo teve por objetivo desenvolver um instrumento para identificação de padrões comportamentais, baseado em situações reais do cotidiano relacionadas ao Jeitinho Brasileiro, que mapeia a tomada de decisão em diferentes contextos sociais. Foram desenvolvidos dois estudos que exploraram o fenômeno. No estudo 1, descreve-se a construção de uma escala de medida ipsativa, de escolha forçada, composta por 11 historietas de situações cotidianas e desfechos que exigem tomadas de decisão. No estudo 2, testa-se o instrumento desenvolvido em uma amostra de 480 participantes. A análise confirmatória de escalonamento multidimensional evidenciou um modelo bidimensional de duas dimensões polarizadas: (1) orientação positivo-negativo (assertivo/malandro) e (2) disposição passivo-ativo (negligente/criativo). A operacionalização de uma medida ipsativa demonstrou uma opção funcional alternativamente à escala tipo Likert, possibilitando a mensuração psicológica para comparação inter-individual. O estudo, portanto, fornece uma ferramenta empírica complementar em uma perspectiva específica para os comportamentos cotidianos sob a ótica do Jeitinho Brasileiro

This study aimed to develop an instrument to identify behavioural patterns based on real everyday situations related to the Brazilian Jeitinho, which maps decisionmaking in different social contexts. Two studies were developed to explore the phenomenon. In study 1, the construction of an ipsative measurement scale (forced-choice) is described, composed of 11 daily stories about real situations and outcomes that require decisionmaking. In study 2, the instrument developed was tested in a sample of 480 participants. Confirmatory multidimensional scaling was carried and showed a two-dimensional model with 2 polarized dimensions: (1) positive-negative orientation (assertive/malandro or rascal) (malandro is like slippery and naughty people) and (2) passive-active disposition (negligent/creative). The operationalization of an ipsative measure demonstrated a functional option as an alternative to the Likert-type scale, enabling psychological measurement for inter-individual comparison. The study, therefore, provides a complementary empirical tool in a specific perspective for everyday behaviours from the perspective of the Brazilian Jeitinho

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo desarrollar un instrumento para identificar patrones de comportamiento, basado en situaciones cotidianas relacionadas con el "jeitinho" brasileño, que mapee la toma de decisiones en diferentes contextos sociales. Se desarrollaron dos estudios que exploraron el fenómeno. El estudio 1 describe la construcción de una escala de evaluación ipsativa (elección forzada), compuesta de 11 histórias de situaciones cotidianas y desenlaces que requieren la toma de decisiones. El estudio 2 prueba el instrumento desarrollado en una muestra de 480 participantes. El escalamiento multidimensional mostró un modelo bidimensional con 2 dimensiones polarizadas: (1) orientación positiva-negativa (asertivo/bribón) y (2) disposición pasivoactiva (negligente/creativa). La operacionalización de una medida ipsativa demostró una opción funcional alternativamente a la escala tipo Likert, permitiendo la medición psicológica para la comparación interindividual. El estudio, por lo tanto, proporciona una herramienta empírica complementaria en una perspectiva específica para los comportamientos cotidianos desde la perspectiva del "jeitinho" brasileño

Parâmetros e tipos de avaliação da disartria na esclerose lateral amiotrófica / Parameters and types of dysarthria assessment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

RESUMO Objetivo identificar estudos a respeito dos parâmetros e dos tipos de avaliação utilizados para avaliar a disartria na esclerose lateral amiotrófica (ELA). Estratégia de pesquisa estudo de revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nas bases de dados LILACS, SciELO, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Scopus e Cochrane, por meios dos descritores, em português e em inglês, "Avaliação AND Disartria AND Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica". Critérios de seleção os critérios de inclusão foram: artigos que abordavam estudos sobre avaliação da disartria na ELA, nas línguas inglesa, espanhola e portuguesa, disponíveis na íntegra, no período de 2015 a 2022. Resultados do total de 38 estudos, apenas 3 usaram um único tipo de avaliação da disartria. A maior parte dos estudos utilizou mais de um tipo de avaliação variando de 2 a 4. Foram 3 os tipos de avaliação mais utilizados, com o intuito de avaliar o grau de inteligibilidade de fala: avaliação perceptivo-auditiva (31 estudos), avaliação acústica (18 estudos) e avaliação do movimento (27 estudos). Conclusão a avaliação da disartria na ELA é realizada por diferentes procedimentos e com vários parâmetros de análise, em especial pela avaliação perceptivo-auditiva e do movimento.

ABSTRACT Purpose to identify studies regarding the parameters and types of assessment used to evaluate dysarthria in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Research strategy an integrative literature review study was conducted on the LILACS, SciELO, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Scopus, and Cochrane databases using the descriptors "Assessment AND Dysarthria AND Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis" in both Portuguese and English. Selection criteria the inclusion criteria consisted of articles that addressed studies on dysarthria assessment in ALS, written in English, Spanish, and Portuguese, which should be available in full, and published from 2015 to 2022. Results: out of the total of 38 studies, only 3 used a single type of dysarthria assessment. Most studies employed more than one type of assessment, ranging from 2 to 4 types. Three assessment types were predominantly used to assess the degree of speech intelligibility: auditoryperceptual assessment (31 studies), acoustic assessment (18 studies), and movement assessment (27 studies). Conclusion dysarthria assessment in ALS is conducted through various procedures and with multiple analysis parameters, notably through auditory-perceptual and movement assessments.